Seismic load: The external force exerted on a building structure by the vibration caused by an earthquake.

In retail settings, metal wire grid panels are commonly used to showcase merchandise such as clothing, accessories, and small items. The grid pattern allows for easy attachment of hooks, which can be used to hang up clothes, bags, or other items for display. The panels can also be used to create shelving units, which are perfect for displaying shoes, jewelry, or other small items. The versatility of these panels makes them a popular choice for retailers looking to create flexible and dynamic displays that can be easily changed and updated.

The replacement cost of the cavity wall tie will be affected by a variety of factors such as the type and specification of the cavity wall tie, the difficulty of replacement and the amount of work, labor cost, material cost, and project scale.

In addition to providing structural support, wall ties also play a role in controlling the movement of the wall due to factors such as temperature changes or settling of the building. By connecting the inner and outer layers of masonry, wall ties help to distribute any movement evenly across the wall, preventing cracking or other damage.